Saturday, July 29, 2017
Here, we investigated the contribution of gut microbiota to chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer ; ARTICLESwitch to Standard View Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy
Highlights
•Specific gut microbes track with post-chemotherapy recurrence of colorectal cancer
•F. nucleatum orchestrates the Toll-like receptor, microRNAs, and autophagy network to control cancer chemoresistance
•Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum may be useful for patient prognosis and management
Summary
Gut microbiota are linked to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy failure is the major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. . We found that Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum was abundant in colorectal cancer tissues in patients with recurrence post chemotherapy, and was associated with patient clinicopathological characterisitcs. Furthermore, our bioinformatic and functional studies demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted colorectal cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum targeted TLR4 and MYD88 innate immune signaling and specific microRNAs to activate the autophagy pathway and alter colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic response. Thus, F. nucleatum orchestrates a molecular network of the Toll-like receptor, microRNAs, and autophagy to clinically, biologically, and mechanistically control colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Measuring and targeting F. nucleatum and its associated pathway will yield valuable insight into clinical management and may ameliorate colorectal cancer patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Colorectal cancer, recurrence, chemoresistance, F.nucleatum, autophagy, Toll-like receptor, miRNA
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Tuesday, July 25, 2017
Science Communication & Visualisation - somersault18:24 shared Medical Videos's video. 37 mins · Great White - Cataract Eye Surgery Play -5:40 Additional Visual SettingsEnter Watch And ScrollEnter Fullscreen Unmute 1,842,406 Views Medical Videos July 18 at 7:03am · Great White - Cataract Eye Surgery
Tuesday, July 11, 2017
MDMA affects the brain by increasing the activity of at least three neurotransmitters (the chemical messengers of brain cells): serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. ... Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep, pain, appetite, and other behaviors. What does MDMA do to the brain? | National Institute on Drug Abuse ... https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research.../what-does-mdma-do-to-brain Feedback About this result People also ask Is dopamine the same as endorphins? What foods help dopamine production? How does serotonin works in the brain? How does dopamine work in the brain? Feedback Serotonin, Dopamine and your Brain - YouTube Video for Serotonin, Dopamine and your Brain▶ 6:53 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr90l6r91cA Apr 11, 2014 - Uploaded by Things You Should Know Drugs, Alcohol, and Mental Disorders alter your brain and emotions in ways we don't completely understand ... What does MDMA do to the brain? | National Institute on Drug Abuse ...
What does MDMA do to the brain?
MDMA affects the brain by increasing the activity of at least three neurotransmitters (the chemical messengers of brain cells): serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.5 Like other amphetamines, MDMA causes these neurotransmitters to be released from their storage sites in neurons, resulting in increased neurotransmitter activity. Compared to the very potent stimulant, methamphetamine, MDMA causes greater serotonin release and somewhat lesser dopamine release.17 Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep, pain, appetite, and other behaviors. The excess release of serotonin by MDMA likely causes the mood elevating effects experienced by MDMA users. However, by releasing large amounts of serotonin, MDMA causes the brain to become significantly depleted of this important neurotransmitter, contributing to the negative behavioral aftereffects that users often experience for several days after taking MDMA.18 Numerous studies in animals have demonstrated that MDMA can damage serotonin-containing neurons;1,3 some of these studies have shown these effects to be long lasting. This suggests that such damage may occur in humans as well; however, measuring serotonin damage in humans is more difficult. Studies have shown that some heavy MDMA users experience longlasting confusion, depression, and selective impairment of working memory and attention processes.19,20,21,22,23 Such memory impairments have been associated with a decrease in serotonin metabolites or other markers of serotonin function. Imaging studies in MDMA users19,21,24 have shown changes in brain activity in regions involved in cognition, emotion, and motor function.25,26,27 However, improved imaging technologies and more research are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the exact nature of the effects of MDMA on the human brain. It is also important to keep in mind that many users of ecstasy may unknowingly be taking other drugs that are sold as ecstasy, and/or they may intentionally use other drugs, such as marijuana, which could contribute to these behavioral effects. Additionally, most studies in people do not have behavioral measures from before the users began taking drugs, making it difficult to rule out pre-existing conditions.20,28,29 Factors such as gender, dosage, frequency and intensity of use, age at which use began, the use of other drugs, as well as genetic and environmental factors all may play a role in some of the cognitive deficits that result from MDMA use and should be taken into consideration when studying the effects of MDMA in humans. Given that most MDMA users are young and in their reproductive years, it is possible that some female users may be pregnant when they take MDMA, either inadvertently or intentionally because of the misperception that it is a safe drug. The potential adverse effects of MDMA on the developing fetus are of great concern. Behavioral studies in animals have found significant adverse effects on tests of learning and memory from exposure to MDMA during a developmental period equivalent to the third trimester in humans.30 However, the effects of MDMA on animals earlier in development are unclear;31,32 therefore, more research is needed to determine what the effects of MDMA are on the developing human nervous system.
Life Threatening Effects see (Photo)
DrugFacts: MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly) | National Institute on Drug Abuse ...
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly
3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic drug that alters mood and perception (awareness of surrounding objects and conditions). ... The popular nickname Molly (slang for "molecular") often refers to the supposedly "pure" crystalline powder form of MDMA, usually sold ...
Wednesday, July 5, 2017
Here are the Top 10 Supply Chain Challenges identified by EPS: Globalization Commoditization Growing Product Complexity Counterfeiting Developing Competitive Differentiation Rapid Product Obsolescence/Shorter product Lifecycle Demand and Supply Volatility Pricing, Logistics and other Cost Pressures Growing Regulatory Complexity Geopolitical, Economics and Other Known Natural Risks
Suggested Post Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) Sponsored · Addressing the global refugee crisis requires nothing short of transformative change. Learn more about the World Refugee Council: Pause -0:10 Additional Visual SettingsEnter Watch And ScrollEnter Fullscreen Unmute Bold Thinking for a New Refugee System The World Refugee Council is an independent group of global leaders and innovators aimed at advancing new solutions to the global refugee crisis. Learn More WORLDREFUGEECOUNCIL.ORG Oscar del Rosario 8 Comments84 Shares21K Views 261 261 LikeCommentShare
Top 10 Electronics Supply Chain Risks
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January 8, 20141 CommentBusiness/Finance, Featured, Featured Articles, News Analysis, Supply Chain, UncategorizedBy Bolaji Ojo
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The global electronics supply chain will this year confront again some of its old demons and dozens of new ones, ranging from natural disasters to man-made misadventures, management blunders, troubled acquisitions and failing to anticipate and respond to changing market conditions. So far, though, nothing on the horizon indicates the electronics industry should be bracing for a major shock to the supply chain in 2014.
As companies prepare their supply chains for what looks set to be a fairly normal economic environment – that is, single to low upper-digit industry growth rate – electronics executives are nevertheless being asked to refresh their crisis management guides and training in case the totally unexpected happens during the year.
Most likely, though, many of the challenges that electronics manufacturers and the supply chain are likely to face throughout this year are the same humdrum types that have dogged the industry for decades. Electronics Purchasing Strategies compiled a list of these factors. Many of them have been used in competitive situations by companies that managed to squeeze out advantages from what might seem to be problems while others, failing to effectively manage the challenges, lost grounds to nimbler rivals. In other words, we found that these so called challenges also contain kernels of opportunities.
Here are the Top 10 Supply Chain Challenges identified by EPS:
Globalization
Commoditization
Growing Product Complexity
Counterfeiting
Developing Competitive Differentiation
Rapid Product Obsolescence/Shorter product Lifecycle
Demand and Supply Volatility
Pricing, Logistics and other Cost Pressures
Growing Regulatory Complexity
Geopolitical, Economics and Other Known Natural Risks
Fortunately for electronics enterprises, the industry is well positioned to weather these challenges. Many companies have improved their leverage over the last years by taking advantage of low borrowing costs to refinance old loans. Having tamped down on costs too, the industry coffers are full with many cash-rich companies still hesitant to hire due to limited visibility into long-term demand. Higher productivity has helped too, giving companies the opportunity to make do with less in all operational areas.
Flush with cash, the leading technology companies have gone on a buying spree but in a different direction. While some mergers and acquisition activities have occurred the focus at the biggest OEMs and software vendors has been on intellectual property, which is proving to be the biggest game-changer for many enterprises. So, as we enter 2014, industry executives know the sector is structurally sound and well-positioned to take advantage of growth opportunities.
They see only moderate sales growth ahead, though. While growth prospects across all segments of the industry are considered good industry executives don’t believe it is going to be an exceptional performance; bellwether companies aren’t predicting double digit revenue hike but they similarly do not see a downturn on the horizon.
Forecasts for the global economy are also generally positive. Most economists aren’t predicting surging growth for the year but they also don’t seem concerned that a downturn is looming or that the financial crisis that dominated segments of the world in the last two years could flare up again. The global economy is forecast to grow 3.6 percent in 2014, faster than the 2.9 percent estimated for 2013, according to the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook published in October. That forecast isn’t rock solid and this is injecting uncertainty into corporate investment and capital equipment decisions even as executives scour the global market for growth opportunities.
The improved growth forecast by the IMF is welcome news but it comes with numerous challenges due to other changes in the structure and direction of the global economy. First, growth will be uneven and heavily tilted towards the advanced economies in 2014 but structural challenges in even these regions will continue to pose major problems for governments and enterprises, the IMF said.
“Global growth is still weak, its underlying dynamics are changing, and the risks to the forecast remain to the downside,” the IMF report noted “As a result, new policy challenges are arising and policy spillovers may pose greater concern. In particular, markets are increasingly convinced that U.S. monetary policy is reaching a turning point, and this has led to an unexpectedly large increase in long-term yields in the United States and many other economies, notwithstanding the Federal Reserve’s recent decision to maintain its asset purchases. This change could pose risks for emerging market economies, where activity is slowing and asset quality weakening.”
Aside from the possibility of additional financial turbulence, normal fluctuations in demand and supply and continuing turmoil in certain geographies, electronics industry executives remain on the alert about the possibilities for volatile hits to the supply chain in 2014, according to experts. Companies in sectors that are performing well – memory semiconductors, for example – are not keen to add manufacturing capacity unless demand is stronger than it is currently, according to executives.
“In addition to attractive long-term returns on the existing asset base, we would need to see a fundamental and significant upward shift in demand consistently above approximately 40 percent compared to the current CAGR in the low 30 percent range before it would make sense for us to bring on additional wafer output,” said Mark Durcan, CEO of Micron Technology Inc. (NASDAQ: MU), commenting on the memory semiconductor’s strong fiscal 2014 first quarter performance and optimistic outlook for the year. “In the current environment, we believe the best strategy for Micron is to continue optimizing existing capacity for improved gross margins.” (See: Micron: Memory IC Outlook ‘Very Favorable’).
Pages: 1 2
AvnetMark DurcanMicronSupply ChainWade McDaniel
About the author
Bolaji Ojo
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